The tool is fitted with multipurpose connectors which allow to establish the connections flexibly: USB: Designed for connecting to the computer. It is to be connected when the built-in USB - UART converter is enabled; for PowerBox software update; while reprogramming Renesas CPUs; DC: Designed for powering the built-in circuit as well as the connected ECU. It is recommended to use only quality units with 12V output voltage. While reading the password, when it is impossible in the vehicle, one must note that high-voltage converters in ECUs consume rather high current at the start which can trigger protection mechanism J2534 (OBD-II-F): Designed for connecting the same name interface to OBD-II; DB-15: Designed for connecting to the main ECU connector. It is recommended to use 14P600KT02, 14P600KT03 cables or analogous ones; IDC-26: Designed for connecting directly to the ECU board or via the adapter to the special head. It is recommended to use 14P600KT06 cable or an analogous one for Tricore GPT. It is recommended to use Flash Development Toolkit software for flashing for Renesas CPUs. It is compatible in the automatic mode with the loading programs which use:BOOT-OEM12, 12 pin OBD-II; L-LINE, 15 pin OBD-II. The Tool has built-in current limiting resistors on the following signal lines: RESET - 510 Ω; BOOT - 510 Ω; CNF1 - 220 Ω. In conclusion: All programming tools above can be used for ECU read and write, but differs in ECU coverage and Read/Write method. There is NO LIMITS of the car model and year when using bench to read/write data. But if you have chips and gearboxes to read and write, you should have a flash. The bad is: disassembling is required. bench doesn't cover chips and gearboxes and OBD cannot not work good for gerabox Read/Write. So, you'd better check the ECU/gearbox/chip before